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G11 Hazards and Disasters - Risk Assessment and Response


This unit explores hazards and disasters in terms of causes, consequences and mitigation / adaptation.


The key case studies are:

Two contrasting earthquakes (e.g. Haiti, 2010; New Zealand, 2011).
Two contrasting hurricanes (e.g. Katrina, 2005; Nargis, 2008).
Two contrasting droughts (e.g. Australia; East Africa - various dates).
A human-induced hazard (Bhopal, 1984).

IB Assessment Statements



  1. 1. Characteristics of hazards Explain the characteristics and spatial distribution of:
  • Earthquakes
  • Hurricanes
  • Droughts
  • A human-induced hazard (e.g. Bhopal)


  1. 2. Vulnerability:
  • Vulnerable populations: Explain why people live in hazardous areas.
  • Vulnerability: Discuss vulnerability as a function of demographic and socio-economic factors, and of a community’s preparedness / capacity to cope.
  • Explain why some sectors of the population are more vulnerable than others.

  1. 3. Risk and risk assessment.
  • Analysis of risk: Examine the relationship between the degree of risk and probability of a hazard event happening, predicted losses and preparedness.
  • Explain the reasons why people often underestimate the risk posed by hazards.
  • Discuss the factors affecting hazard risk perception.
  • Hazard event prediction: examine the methods used to predict the probability (in time and space) of hazard events happening and their potential impacts on lives and property.
  • Discuss these methods by examining case studies of two contrasting hazard types.

  1. 4. Disasters:
  • Definition: Distinguish between hazard event and a disaster. Explain why this is not always objective.
  • Measurement: Describe the methods used to quantify the spatial extent and intensity of disasters.
  • Explain the causes and impacts of any one disaster resulting from a natural hazard.
  • Explain the causes and impacts of one recent human-induced hazard event or disaster.
  • Examine the ways in which the intensity and impacts of disasters vary in space and have changed over time.

  1. 5. Adjustments and responses to hazards and disasters.
  • Responses to the risk of hazard events: discuss the usefulness of assessing risk before deciding the strategies of adjustment and response to a hazard.
  • Describe the attempts that have been used to reduce vulnerability by spreading the risk (aid, insurance)) and by land-use planning (zoning).
Before the event: describe strategies designed to limit the damage from potential hazard events and disasters.

Resources

Assignments